San Miguel, Batangas (Town), Batangas: Historical Data
Full transcription of the so-called “Historical Data” for the barrio of San Miguel, Batangas Town, Batangas, the original scanned documents at the National Library of the Philippines Digital Collections not having OCR or optical character recognition properties. This transcription has been edited for grammar, spelling and punctuation where possible. The original pagination is provided for citation purposes.
[p. 1]
HISTORY AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE BARRIO OF SAN MIGUEL
1. Present official name of the barrio – San Miguel
2. Popular name of the barrio
4. Original families
5. List of tenientes from the earliest time to date
6. Story of old barrios or sitios within the jurisdiction that are now depopulated or extinct – None
7. Data on historical sites, structures, buildings, old ruins, etc. – None
8. Important facts, incidents or events that took place
[p. 2]
c. During and after World War II
9. a. Destruction of lives, properties and institutions during wars:
PART II FOLKWAYS
Traditions, customs and practices in domestic and social life; birth, courtship, marriage, death, burial, visits, festivals, punishments:
A. Birth
B. Baptism
[p. 3]
C. Courtship
D. Marriages
E. Death
[p. 4]
F. Burial
G. Visits
11. Myths, legends, beliefs, interpretations, superstitions, origin of the world, land, mountain, and caves, seas, lakes, rivers, plants, trees, animals, sun, man, moon, stars, eclipse, earthquake, lightning and thunder, clouds, rain, wind, storm, changes of climate, other natural phenomena; first man and woman, birth of twins or more, sickness, witchcraft, magic, divination.
Legend of the Duhat
Long before the Philippines was discovered by the Spaniards, a group of dark people inhabited one of her forests. These people had a ruler named Duhat who was loved for his kindness,
[p. 5]
12. Popular songs, games and amusements
14. Proverbs and sayings
[p. 6]
MATANDANG KAUGALIAN AT GAWAIN SA BUHAY
A. 1. Pag ang bahay na titirahan ng mag-asawa ay matagal gawin ay matagal ding panganakan.
B. Pagbibinyag
K. Pagliligawan
D. Kasal
[p. 7]
E. Kamatayan
F. Paglilibing
G. Pagbibisita
[p. 8]
11. Mga kuwentong walang katutuhanan, mga alamat, paniniwala, kahulugan, pamahiin, pinagmulan ng mundo, lupa, bundok, kweba, dagat, sanog, ilog, halaman, kahoy, hayop, araw, buwan, bituin, paglalaho ng buwan at araw, lindol, kidlat, kulog, alapaap, hangin, bagyo, pagpapalit ng panahon, at ang iba pang nilalang; ang unang lalaki at babae, ang panganganank ng kambal o marami pa, pagkakasakit, mangkukulam, mahika.
ANG ALAMAT NG DUHAT
Noong unang pahanon, nang ang Pilipinas ay nasa kapangyarihan ng Espanya, ay isang pulutong na mga taong maitim ang nanirahan sa isang gubat. Itong mga taong ito ay pinamumunuan ng isang taong ang pangalan ay Duhat. Siya ay isang mabait, tapat at marunong na pinuno.
Dahil sa kanyang kabaitan ay siya ay nagkaroon ng maraming kaibigan. Subalit sa kabila ng lahat ng ito ay mayroong aayaw sa kanyang palakad at tinangkang siya ay patayin. Ang balak na ito ay nagtagumpay. Bago siya namatay ay ang kanyang dugo ay napabuhos sa bunga ng isang halaman. Ang pulang bunga ay naging violeta. Ang bungang ito ay tinawag ng mga taong Duhat, bilang ala-ala sa nawalang pinuno nilang ang pangalan ay Duhat.
12. Popular songs, games and amusements
13. Bugtungan
14. Mga salawikain
15. Pamamaraan ng pagsusukat ng oras, at di pangkaraniwang kalendaryo.
PART THREE Other Information
1. No information on books and documents treating of the Philippines are available in this barrio.
2. There [are] no Filipino authors born or residing in this community.
Notes and references:
Transcribed from “History and Cultural Life of the Barrio of San Miguel,” 1953, online at the National Library of the Philippines Digital Collections.
[p. 1]
1. Present official name of the barrio – San Miguel
2. Popular name of the barrio
a. Past – Sirang Lupa
b. Present – San Miguel
c. Names of Sitios
3. Date of establishment – not knownb. Present – San Miguel
c. Names of Sitios
| 1. Maipa | 3. Kawa |
| 2. Bulihan | 4. Tanlayag |
4. Original families
| a. Guico | c. Soriano | e. Mendoza |
| b. Closa | d. Asi | f. Macatangay |
| a. Manuel Guico | e. Glicerio Payoyo |
| b. Rafael Closa | f. Bartolome Closa |
| c. Alfonso Asi | g. Alejandro Almera |
| d. Dionisio Mendoza | h. Quintin Guico |
7. Data on historical sites, structures, buildings, old ruins, etc. – None
8. Important facts, incidents or events that took place
a. During the Spanish occupation
[p. 2]
1. The process of village concentration camps.
b. During the American occupation to World War II – Nonec. During and after World War II
1. The hilly part of the barrio became the famous hideout of the rebels in 1949. (The Batangas Revolt after the 1949 elections.)
9. a. Destruction of lives, properties and institutions during wars:
1. 1896-1900 – lives and properties
2. 1941-1945 - properties
2. 1941-1945 - properties
b. Measures and accomplishments toward rehabilitation and reconstruction following World War II – None
Traditions, customs and practices in domestic and social life; birth, courtship, marriage, death, burial, visits, festivals, punishments:
A. Birth
1. When the new house for a couple is built for a long time, it may mean long and hard delivery for the wife.
2. When the wife delivered and she died, it is said that her soul goes directly to heaven.
3. When the wife is suffering from hard and painful delivery, all the knots made by the husband are loosened and the ladle is placed at the waist of the wife.
2. When the wife delivered and she died, it is said that her soul goes directly to heaven.
3. When the wife is suffering from hard and painful delivery, all the knots made by the husband are loosened and the ladle is placed at the waist of the wife.
B. Baptism
1. When a male child is baptized and all the others being baptized are girls, the boy will be loved by the girls very much.
2. When a girl is baptized and the others being
2. When a girl is baptized and the others being
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baptized are boys, all the boys will be bachelors, and the girl will have many suitors.
3. An unbaptized child is always tempted by the devils.
3. An unbaptized child is always tempted by the devils.
C. Courtship
1. If a suitor gives stockings or any kind of footwear as gifts to the girl, the girl will be unfaithful.
2. When the gifts of the suitor are all sweets, it means he is much devoted to his lady love.
3. When he writes on pink paper, it means love; when he writes on a blue paper, it means his love is true.
4. Different placements of stamps on the envelope express different meanings in love affairs.
2. When the gifts of the suitor are all sweets, it means he is much devoted to his lady love.
3. When he writes on pink paper, it means love; when he writes on a blue paper, it means his love is true.
4. Different placements of stamps on the envelope express different meanings in love affairs.
D. Marriages
1. It is the belief that when the wedding gown is worn by the bride before the ceremony, it means death for the bride or some bad luck.
2. After the wedding ceremony, rice is scattered on the path where the couple will pass so that it will bring prosperity and the future children will have light complexion.
3. Pots are broken before the couple goes up the house of the bride in order that they will have many children.
4. When the veil used during the ceremony falls from the bride or groom, it means death for one of them.
5. When the groom walks faster than the bride after the wedding ceremony, it means that he will dominate his bride in the years of their companionship.
2. After the wedding ceremony, rice is scattered on the path where the couple will pass so that it will bring prosperity and the future children will have light complexion.
3. Pots are broken before the couple goes up the house of the bride in order that they will have many children.
4. When the veil used during the ceremony falls from the bride or groom, it means death for one of them.
5. When the groom walks faster than the bride after the wedding ceremony, it means that he will dominate his bride in the years of their companionship.
E. Death
1. It is the belief that when a person dies at night, it means hardships for those relatives left behind.
[p. 4]
2. When the deceased has unfinished obligations on earth, it is believed that the spirit comes back.
3. When the eldest child goes down the house with the coffin, he must not go back or it will mean death for another member of the family.
4. Tears are not allowed to drop on the dead or it [will] mean hardship for the soul.
3. When the eldest child goes down the house with the coffin, he must not go back or it will mean death for another member of the family.
4. Tears are not allowed to drop on the dead or it [will] mean hardship for the soul.
F. Burial
1. It is the belief that in order that the relatives may be forgotten by the deceased, flowers or pieces of earth are thrown into the grave during burial.
2. When it showers during the burial, it is said that the deceased is kind.
2. When it showers during the burial, it is said that the deceased is kind.
G. Visits
1. If the cat faces the altar in the house when it washes its face, it means visitors will come.
2. When a fire laughs, a visitor is coming.
3. When either fork or spoon drops from the table while eating, a visitor is expected to come.
4. When the fly gets in the soup, a visitor is coming.
2. When a fire laughs, a visitor is coming.
3. When either fork or spoon drops from the table while eating, a visitor is expected to come.
4. When the fly gets in the soup, a visitor is coming.
11. Myths, legends, beliefs, interpretations, superstitions, origin of the world, land, mountain, and caves, seas, lakes, rivers, plants, trees, animals, sun, man, moon, stars, eclipse, earthquake, lightning and thunder, clouds, rain, wind, storm, changes of climate, other natural phenomena; first man and woman, birth of twins or more, sickness, witchcraft, magic, divination.
Long before the Philippines was discovered by the Spaniards, a group of dark people inhabited one of her forests. These people had a ruler named Duhat who was loved for his kindness,
[p. 5]
strength and intelligence.
Notwithstanding all these good qualities, some of his men disliked him and finally shot him to death. Before he died, his blood was spilled on a plant that bore many fruits in clusters. By a trick of nature, the red fruit turned dark violet. Henceforth, people called this fruit Duhat in memory of the ruler, Duhat.
Notwithstanding all these good qualities, some of his men disliked him and finally shot him to death. Before he died, his blood was spilled on a plant that bore many fruits in clusters. By a trick of nature, the red fruit turned dark violet. Henceforth, people called this fruit Duhat in memory of the ruler, Duhat.
12. Popular songs, games and amusements
A. Popular songs:
B. Games and amusements
13. Puzzles and riddles| 1. Kundiman | 2. Awit |
| 3. Pandanggo | |
| 1. Dama | 2. Sungka |
| 3. Huego de Prenda | 4. Cockfighting |
| 5. Tubigan | |
1. You can carry what can carry you, you are carried by what you carry.
2. Grandmother is here carrying fire on her head.
3. Bamboo from the mountain has its end in Manila.
4. A rolling thing becomes a doctor when he stands upright.
5. A grain of palay can fill the whole house.
6. I pulled the string, all the monkeys ran.
2. Grandmother is here carrying fire on her head.
3. Bamboo from the mountain has its end in Manila.
4. A rolling thing becomes a doctor when he stands upright.
5. A grain of palay can fill the whole house.
6. I pulled the string, all the monkeys ran.
14. Proverbs and sayings
1. No virgin can resist a patient suitor.
2. If you reserve something, you can get them in the time of need.
2. If you reserve something, you can get them in the time of need.
[p. 6]
3. If it is your fate, whether you like it or not, it will come to you.
4. Still water runs deep.
5. One who does not look back from where he comes cannot reach his goal.
4. Still water runs deep.
5. One who does not look back from where he comes cannot reach his goal.
A. 1. Pag ang bahay na titirahan ng mag-asawa ay matagal gawin ay matagal ding panganakan.
2. Pa gang may bahay ay namatay sa panganganak, ang kanyang kaluluwa ay magtatamo ng langit.
3. Pag ang nanganak ay naghihirap ay ipinakakalag ang mga itinali ng asawa habang nagdadalang tao.
3. Pag ang nanganak ay naghihirap ay ipinakakalag ang mga itinali ng asawa habang nagdadalang tao.
B. Pagbibinyag
1. Pag ang binibinyagan ay lalaki at ang mga kasama ay lahat na babae, ang ibig sabihin ay malapit ang mga babae sa lalaking ito pag naging binata.
2. Pa gang binibinyagan ay babae at ang mga kasabay ay lalaking lahat, ang ibig sabihin ay ang dalagang ito ay sabuhin.
3. Ang batang walang binyag ay malapit sa tukso.
2. Pa gang binibinyagan ay babae at ang mga kasabay ay lalaking lahat, ang ibig sabihin ay ang dalagang ito ay sabuhin.
3. Ang batang walang binyag ay malapit sa tukso.
K. Pagliligawan
1. Pag ang nangliligaw ay nagregalo ng medyas o ano mang panuot sa paa sa kanyang nililigawan, may paniwala ang marami na ang dalaga ay magtataksil.
2. Pag ang ala-ala ng binata sa dalaga ay matamis ay nagpapakilalang matamis ang kanyang pag-ibig.
3. Pag ang binata ay sumulat sa rosas na papel, ang ibig sabihin ay pag-ibig.
4. Ang iba’t ibang tayo ng selyo sa sobre ay nagpapahiwatig ng iba’t-ibang kahulugan.
2. Pag ang ala-ala ng binata sa dalaga ay matamis ay nagpapakilalang matamis ang kanyang pag-ibig.
3. Pag ang binata ay sumulat sa rosas na papel, ang ibig sabihin ay pag-ibig.
4. Ang iba’t ibang tayo ng selyo sa sobre ay nagpapahiwatig ng iba’t-ibang kahulugan.
D. Kasal
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1. Pag ang damit pangkasal ay isinukat ng ikakasal, nangangahulugang di magtatagal siya o dili kaya ay may masamang pangitain.
2. Ang bigas ay isinasabug sa kinasal upang magkaroon ng kasaganaan sa buhay at nang mag-anak ng mapuputi.
3. Binabasag ang palyok kapag pumapanhik ang ikinasal upang magkaroon ng maraming anak.
4. Ang lumaglag na belo sa ikinakasal ay nangangahulugang mamamtay ang isa.
5. Kung ang lalaki ay nauna sa babae paglakad buhat sa altar, ito’y nangangahulugang siya ang may kapangyarihan sa kanilang buhay.
2. Ang bigas ay isinasabug sa kinasal upang magkaroon ng kasaganaan sa buhay at nang mag-anak ng mapuputi.
3. Binabasag ang palyok kapag pumapanhik ang ikinasal upang magkaroon ng maraming anak.
4. Ang lumaglag na belo sa ikinakasal ay nangangahulugang mamamtay ang isa.
5. Kung ang lalaki ay nauna sa babae paglakad buhat sa altar, ito’y nangangahulugang siya ang may kapangyarihan sa kanilang buhay.
E. Kamatayan
1. May paniwala na kapag ang tao ay namatay sa gabi ay maghihirap sa pamumuhay ang naiwan.
2. Pag ang namatay ay may naiwang utang of mahalagang bagay, pinaniniwalaang magbabalik ang kanyang kaluluwa.
3. Pag naipanaog ang bangkay, ang matandang anak nito ay hindi dapat bumalik ng bahay at di umano ay may susunod na mamamatay.
4. Huag papatakan ng luha ang bangkay at ito ay ipaghihirap ng kaluluwa.
2. Pag ang namatay ay may naiwang utang of mahalagang bagay, pinaniniwalaang magbabalik ang kanyang kaluluwa.
3. Pag naipanaog ang bangkay, ang matandang anak nito ay hindi dapat bumalik ng bahay at di umano ay may susunod na mamamatay.
4. Huag papatakan ng luha ang bangkay at ito ay ipaghihirap ng kaluluwa.
F. Paglilibing
1. Upang huag maalaala ang naiwan ng namatay, ay pinapapaghulog ng bulaklak o lupa sa hukay ang naulila.
2. Pag umambon sa paghuhulog ng bangkay sa hukay, ang ibig sabihin ay ang namatay ay mabait.
2. Pag umambon sa paghuhulog ng bangkay sa hukay, ang ibig sabihin ay ang namatay ay mabait.
G. Pagbibisita
1. Pag naghilamos ang pusa sa harap sa duyo, ang ibig sabihin ay may darating na bisita.
2. Pag natawa ang apoy, ang ibig sabihin ay may
2. Pag natawa ang apoy, ang ibig sabihin ay may
[p. 8]
darating na bisita at may dalang ala-ala.
3. Pag may nalaglag na alin man sa kutsara o tinidor ay may darating na bisita sang-ayon sa nagpatak.
4. Pag sumugba ang langaw sa sabaw ay may darating na bisita.
3. Pag may nalaglag na alin man sa kutsara o tinidor ay may darating na bisita sang-ayon sa nagpatak.
4. Pag sumugba ang langaw sa sabaw ay may darating na bisita.
11. Mga kuwentong walang katutuhanan, mga alamat, paniniwala, kahulugan, pamahiin, pinagmulan ng mundo, lupa, bundok, kweba, dagat, sanog, ilog, halaman, kahoy, hayop, araw, buwan, bituin, paglalaho ng buwan at araw, lindol, kidlat, kulog, alapaap, hangin, bagyo, pagpapalit ng panahon, at ang iba pang nilalang; ang unang lalaki at babae, ang panganganank ng kambal o marami pa, pagkakasakit, mangkukulam, mahika.
Noong unang pahanon, nang ang Pilipinas ay nasa kapangyarihan ng Espanya, ay isang pulutong na mga taong maitim ang nanirahan sa isang gubat. Itong mga taong ito ay pinamumunuan ng isang taong ang pangalan ay Duhat. Siya ay isang mabait, tapat at marunong na pinuno.
Dahil sa kanyang kabaitan ay siya ay nagkaroon ng maraming kaibigan. Subalit sa kabila ng lahat ng ito ay mayroong aayaw sa kanyang palakad at tinangkang siya ay patayin. Ang balak na ito ay nagtagumpay. Bago siya namatay ay ang kanyang dugo ay napabuhos sa bunga ng isang halaman. Ang pulang bunga ay naging violeta. Ang bungang ito ay tinawag ng mga taong Duhat, bilang ala-ala sa nawalang pinuno nilang ang pangalan ay Duhat.
12. Popular songs, games and amusements
A. Popular Songs
B. Mga laro at aliwan
[p. 9]| 1. Kundiman | 2. Awit |
| 3. Pandanggo | |
| 1. Dama | 4. Huego de anillo |
| 2. Sungka | 5. Sabong |
| 3. Huego de Prenda | 6. Tubigan |
13. Bugtungan
a. Dala mo dala ka, dala ka pa ng iyong dala.
b. Nito na si Lola may sunog sa baga.
c. Kawayan ko sa bundok, abot sa Maynila ang hutok.
d. Ang isang butil ng palay, sikip sa buong bahay.
e. Hinigit ko ang bagin, nagkagulo ang matsin.
f. Pinilipit, kinadena, pinatungan ng bibingka; kinadena at pinilipit, pinatungan ng pilipit.
g. Kristal ang palyok, Kristal ang tungton, malamig na tubig ang iginagatong.
b. Nito na si Lola may sunog sa baga.
c. Kawayan ko sa bundok, abot sa Maynila ang hutok.
d. Ang isang butil ng palay, sikip sa buong bahay.
e. Hinigit ko ang bagin, nagkagulo ang matsin.
f. Pinilipit, kinadena, pinatungan ng bibingka; kinadena at pinilipit, pinatungan ng pilipit.
g. Kristal ang palyok, Kristal ang tungton, malamig na tubig ang iginagatong.
14. Mga salawikain
1. Walang matimtimang birhen sa matyagang manalangin.
2. Pag may sinuksok ay may titingalain.
3. Ang kapalaran ko’y di ko man hanapin, dudulog, lalapit kung talagang akin.
4. Pa gang tubig ay matining, asahan at malalim.
5. Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan, ay hindi makakarating sa paruruunan.
2. Pag may sinuksok ay may titingalain.
3. Ang kapalaran ko’y di ko man hanapin, dudulog, lalapit kung talagang akin.
4. Pa gang tubig ay matining, asahan at malalim.
5. Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan, ay hindi makakarating sa paruruunan.
15. Pamamaraan ng pagsusukat ng oras, at di pangkaraniwang kalendaryo.
1. Ang tayo ng araw.
2. Ang awit ng ibong kalo.
2. Ang awit ng ibong kalo.
1. No information on books and documents treating of the Philippines are available in this barrio.
2. There [are] no Filipino authors born or residing in this community.
Notes and references:
Transcribed from “History and Cultural Life of the Barrio of San Miguel,” 1953, online at the National Library of the Philippines Digital Collections.
